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venous cannula...
A venous cannula [usually a venflon] is inserted into a vein, primarily for the administration of intravenous fluids, obtaining blood samples and administering medicines. An arterial cannula is inserted into an artery, commonly the radial artery, and is used during major operations and in critical care areas to measure beat-to-beat blood pressure and to draw repeated blood samples.
Complications may arise in the vein as a result of the cannulation procedure, the 4 main groups of complication are: hematoma: a collection of blood, which can result from failure to puncture the vein when the cannula is inserted or when the cannula is removed. Selection of an appropriate vein and gently applying pressure slightly above the insertion point on removal of the cannula may prevent this. infiltration: when infusate enters the subcutaneous tissue instead of the vein.
To prevent this a cannula with accurate trim distances may be used. It is essential to fix the cannula in place firmly. embolism: this can be caused by air, a thrombus, or fragment of a catheter breaking off and entering the venous system. Such things can go on to lodge in an artery, blocking circulation to the corresponding area. Air emboli can be avoided making sure that there is no air in the system. A thromboembolism can be avoided by using a smaller cannula. phlebitis: an inflammation of the vein resulting from mechanical or chemical irritation or from an infection. Phlebitis can be avoided by carefully choosing the site for cannulation and by checking the type of infusate used.
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editor: H.m.Hanse copyright in accordance with the GNU licence